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Journal article
Looking beneath Dalí's paint: non-destructive canvas analysis
A new analytical method was developed to non-destructively determine pH and degree of polymerisation (DP) of cellulose in fibres in 19th–20th century painting canvases, and to identify the fibre type: cotton, linen, hemp, ramie or jute. The method is based on NIR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis, while for calibration...Oriola, Marta ; Možir, Alenka ; Garside, Paul ; Campo, Gema ; Nualart-Torroja, Anna …
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Journal article
An investigation of weighted and degraded silk by complementary microscopy techniques
A number of silk samples, comprising historic materials and modern surrogates, were examined by light, electron and atomic force microscopy, to determine the extent to which such assessments would allow the nature and condition of the materials to be determined. The integrity of these materials had previously been investigated using...Garside, Paul ; Mills, Graham A. ; Smith, James R. ; Wyeth, Paul
silk, textiles, microscopy, atomic force microscopy, conservation, and scanning electron microscopy
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Journal article
Crowd-sourced Archaeological Research: The MicroPasts Project
This paper offers a brief introduction to MicroPasts, a web-enabled crowd-sourcing and crowd-funding project whose overall goal is to promote the collection and use of high quality research data via institutional and community collaborations, both on- and off-line. In addition to introducing this initiative, the discussion below is a reflection... -
Journal article
Citizen archaeologists. Online collaborative research about the human past
Archaeology has a long tradition of volunteer involvement but also faces considerable challenges in protecting and understanding a geographically widespread, rapidly dwindling and ever threatened cultural resource. This paper considers a newly launched, multi-application crowdsourcing project called MicroPasts that enables both community-led and massive online contributions to high quality research...Bevan, Andrew ; Pett, Daniel ; Bonacchi, Chiara ; Keinan-Schoonbaert, Adi ; Lombraña González, Daniel …
heritage, MicroPasts, archaeology, crowd-sourcing, and citizen science
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Magazine article
MicroPasts: An Innovative Place for Progressing Research
Archaeology has always attracted enthusiastic volunteers, who have participated in excavations, surveys, site recording or artefact handling, as well as museum-related tasks such as engaging with visitors or helping with curatorial duties. However, most data have been produced by specialists. More often than not the knowledge remains in the academic...Keinan-Schoonbaert, Adi ; Bevan, Andrew ; Pett, Daniel ; Bonacchi, Chiara ; Wilkin, Neil …
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Journal article
Near Vermilion Sands: The Context and Date of Composition of an Abandoned Literary Draft by J. G. Ballard
The literary archive of J. G. Ballard at the British Library includes an unpublished story set in the environs of Vermilion Sands, a fictional desert resort that is the exotic location of nine stories Ballard wrote between 1956 and 1966. The stories were subsequently collected and published as 'Vermilion Sands'...Beckett, Chris
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Journal article
A Donizetti Manuscript in the Zweig Collection
Stefan Zweig's collection of music manuscripts, donated to the British Library in 1986, contains autographs by some of the major canonical composers of European history; from Bach, Mozart and Beethoven through to Wagner and Strauss and Schoenberg. A piece by Gaetano Donizetti (1797-1848) in the collection, which does not seem...Scobie, Christopher
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Journal article
John Jaffray: Victorian Bookbinder, Chartist and Trade Unionist
John Jaffray (1811-1869) was a journeyman – a qualified binder – who did not own his own business but worked for others. His professional life as a finisher took him to numerous workshops in central London. He was also an historian of his trade, collecting ephemera and the memories of...Marks, P. J. M.
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Journal article
The Discovery of a Watermark on the St Cuthbert Gospel using Colour Space Analysis
Watermarks on paper attached to substrates through which light cannot pass can be observed by converting a high resolution digital image of the region into a suite of colour spaces. An image is comprised of a variety of layers or textures which can be separated. This allows pixels of interest...Duffy, Christina
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Journal article
Matthew Paris, Visual Exegesis, and Apocalyptic Birds in Royal MS. 14 C. VII
This article argues that the prefatory maps in Royal MS. 14 C. VII act as a visual distillation of the vast system of emblems in the margins of the other Chronica Majora manuscripts. Recently, scholars have discussed Matthew Paris’s visual marginalia as reading devices and finding aids that distill sections...Kim, Dorothy
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Journal article
A Royal Crusade History: The Livre d'Eracles and Edward IV's Exile in Burgundy
The English King Edward IV (1442-83) had multiple political, familial, and cultural connections with the Flanders-based court of Burgundy headed by Duke Charles the Bold, including Edward's sister Margaret of York's marriage to Charles, Edward's induction into the Burgundian Order of the Golden Fleece, and his five-month exile in Burgundy...Donovan, Erin K.
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Journal article
In a Bind: Pratt's Qui Tams and the Bookbinders' Dilemma
The BL's Jaffray Collection contains rare copies of two qui tam cases brought in 1811 and 1812 by Robert Pratt, a member of the London Society of Journeymen Bookbinders. The cases were among the last attempts to uphold the Elizabethan statute of apprentices. They offer telling insight into a trade...Hill, Jonathan E.
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Journal article
Constructing Saint Louis in John the Good's Grandes Chroniques de France (Royal MS. 16 G. VI)
In the 1330s a new, revised, densely illuminated copy of the Grandes Chroniques de France was made for the John, the dauphin of France who would be crowned King John the Good in 1350. Containing a twice-revised text and over 400 one- and two-column wide illuminations, the chronicle breaks from...Hedeman, Anne D.
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Journal article
The Dawson Turner Collection of Printed Ephemera and Great Yarmouth
This article provides an introduction to an important collection of printed ephemera held at the British Library and created by Dawson Turner (1775-1858). This ten-volume collection was acquired by the British Museum in 1859 and 1873 and is significant as it includes a wealth of material relating to life at...Boneham, John
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Journal article
Frechulf of Lisieux's Historiarum libri XII, I.ii.17 in Royal MS. 13 A. xxii
Royal MS. 13 A. xxii contains a copy of Paul the Deacon's Historia Langobardorum, a short text commonly attributed to Josephus, and an eleventh-century Latin poem. Despite the attribution of the penultimate text to Josephus, it is actually the opening section of Frechulf of Lisieux's Historiae I.ii.17 (lines 1–101). Though...Major, Tristan
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Journal article
Feo Belcari's Rappresentazione di Abramo Offset in Phalaris's Epistolae: Adventures of a Florentine Incunabulum
How did offset text from Feo Belcari's Rappresentazione d'Abramo find its way onto four pages of the British Library's copy of Phalaris's Epistolae (IA.29368) printed in Naples c. 1474? This article identifies the source of the offset text as the Florence 1490 edition now in the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale (Palatino...Newbigin, Nerida
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Journal article
The Bestiary in British Library, Royal MS. 2 C. XII and its Role in Medieval Education
The process of medieval education is still very obscure to us, and indeed very little is known about how texts were used in schools. This is particularly true of the role and function of the influential genre of medieval bestiaries in the process of educating novices and pupils in cathedral...Dines, Ilya
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Journal article
Royal MS. 20 B. XX: Alexander the Great and the Voice of the Master. Interpretation and Astrology in a Medieval Manuscript
Royal MS. 20 B. XX is a small but lavishly illuminated copy of the French prose Alexander romance made in the 1420s. Its iconography is remarkable in the medieval tradition for a number of scenes in which the illuminator has concentrated on themes of divination by means of astrology and...Pérez-Simon, Maud
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Journal article
A History of the British Library Slavonic and East European Collections: 1952-2004
Using and complementing material gathered as part of the British Library Slavonic and East European Department oral history interviews project, this article studies the provision of Slavonic and East European materials in the British (Museum) Library since the establishment of the Slavonic Department in 1952.Grba, Milan
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Journal article
Forewarned and Forearmed: Contents of BL, Cotton MS. Titus A. XXV, ff. 94-105
Cotton MS. Titus A. XXV is a composite codex of several unrelated booklets, one of which has gone largely unnoticed and unexplored. The single gathering of ff. 94-105, preserves a fifteenth-century copy of political prophecy, five short pieces of prophetic and devotional material, and one of the three surviving examples...Geldof, M R
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Journal article
The First Manuals of English History: Two Late Thirteenth-Century Genealogical Rolls of the Kings of England in the Royal Collection
The reign of Edward I (1272-1307) witnessed the creation of numerous genealogical rolls of the kings of England from Egbert to the reigning king, initially in Latin (for instance BL, Add. MS. 30079), but then more often in Anglo-Norman. As Thomas Wright first intuited in 1872, these much innovative aide-mémoire...Laborderie, Olivier de
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Journal article
The Royal Image and Diplomacy: Henry VII’s Book of Astrology (British Library, Arundel MS. 66)
One of the most intriguing manuscripts associated with Henry VII of England, British Library, MS. Arundel 66 combines astronomical tables and works of so-called judicial astrology with a short collection of political prophecies. As an informal note added at the end of one of its texts suggests, the volume was...Frońska, Joanna
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Journal article
Celibate monks and foetus-stealing gods: Buddhism and pregnancy at the Jetavana Monastery, Shravasti, India
Care for pregnant women constituted an important aspect of interaction between monastic communities and the laity at the Jetavana Buddhist monastery. Figurines found at the monastery date to the first millennium CE and portray a deity with both maleficent and beneficent attitudes toward the unborn. The deities that such figurines...Rees, Gethin ; Yoneda, Fumitaka
figurines, Jetavana monastery, Buddhism, South Asia, and pregnancy
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Journal article
Feasibility Study Into the Reporting of Research Information at a National Level Within the UK Higher Education Sector
This article presents the key findings of feasibility and scoping study into the reporting of research information at a national level within the United Kingdom, based on Common European Research Information Format (CERIF). The study was carried out by the Jisc-funded UK Research Information Shared Service (UKRISS) project. The reporting...Waddington, Simon ; Sudlow, Allan ; Walshe, Karen ; Scoble, Rosa ; Mitchell, Lorna …
CRIS, UKRISS, CERIF, research information, feasibility study, and Jisc
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Journal article
The conservation of the burnt Cotton Collection
The Cotton Collection is one of the British Library's foundation collections and represents the single greatest known resource of medieval and early modern British history and literature. Its care and conservation are of great importance to allow access to the collection both now and in the future. The collection had...Beltran de Guevara, Mariluz ; Garside, Paul
burnt parchment, damage, survey, scientific research, and conservation treatment
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Journal article
Boccherini as Chamber Composer to Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia: some insights from the Catalogues of the king’s Music Collection
King Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia (1744-1797) had a strong interest in Boccherini’s music already from his time as Crown Prince. His collection contained almost the complete published oeuvre of the composer, acquired before Boccherini’s official employment with him begun. In October 1783 the prince sent a letter of interest...Drosopoulou, Loukia
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Journal article
The Provenance of the Abreujamens de las estorias (London, British Library, Egerton MS. 1500) and the Identification of Scribal Hands (c. 1323)
This essay provides an overview of research undertaken on the provenance of a medieval Occitan (Old Provençal) translation of an unedited diagrammatic chronicle of Paolino of Venice (Marciana, Zanetti 399). It confirms the existing suspicion that the manuscript was produced in Avignon, and provides a possible dating of 1321-1323; it...Ibarz, Alexander
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Journal article
The Duke of Newcastle's Letters on the Fall of Walpole in 1742
Thomas Pelham Holles, Duke of Newcastle, secretary of state and effective leader of the House of Lords in Sir Robert Walpole's whig ministry, was accused by Walpole after his fall in 1742 of having failed the ministry, along with Lord Hardwick, the lord chancellor, by not giving the required support....Jones, Clyve
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Journal article
Daniel Foote, M.D., of Cambridge: The Evidence in Print and from the Sloane Collection
This article introduces the physician and translator Daniel Foote (1629-1700), predominantly though his little-examined manuscripts in the Sloane Collection. Foote survives in the scholarly memory principally as the translator of the unpublished ‘Observations’ of Francis Mercury Van Helmont (1682) and sometimes as a contributor to a dispute in the Royal...Thorley, David
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Journal article
A Fourteenth-Century Register of Freizins Rents from Erfurt (British Library, Add. MS. 24637)
Add. MS. 24637 is a register of specially-privileged Freizins rents collected by the archbishop of Mainz at Erfurt from the years 1351-1358. Other registers in the series from the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries are preserved at the Landeshauptarchiv Sachsen-Anhalt in Magdeburg, and consequently the British Library manuscript has been overlooked...Pope, Ben
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Journal article
A Medieval Psalter 'Perfected': Eighteenth-Century Conservationism and an Early (Female) Restorer of Rare Books and Manuscripts
Many medieval manuscripts suffered from antiquarian zeal during the eighteenth-century revival of interest in medieval art: enthusiasts often augmented their own albums and private collections by removing attractive illuminations from manuscript pages, leaving wounded books in their wake. Less familiar is the restorative work of their contemporaries, a small number...Drimmer, Sonja
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Journal article
Past, Present and Future for Thirteenth-Century Wales: Two Diagrams in British Library, Cotton Roll XIV.12
British Library Cotton Roll XIV.12 presents a rich vision of British history from the perspective of its thirteenth-century maker. Over nearly sixteen metres of surviving parchment, human history from Adam and Eve to the reign of William Rufus is presented through an intricate combination of texts and imagery. This article...Cleaver, Laura
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Journal article
A Genealogy of the Kings of England in Papal Avignon: British Library, Egerton MS. 1500
This article examines the use of Anglo-Norman genealogical rolls in Fra Paolino Veneto’s L’Abreujamen de las estorias (Eg. MS. 1500), a diagrammatic world history that was composed in the Occitan vernacular in papal Avignon, circa 1321-1326 (see eBLJ articles by Botana and Ibarz). That such documents were available as a...Léglu, Catherine
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Journal article
Understanding a Selection of Medical, Theological and Poetic Diagrams in a Thirteenth-Century Book of Biblical Commentaries: British Library, Harley MS. 658
British Library, Harley MS. 658 is a miscellany of study aids for the Bible from the early thirteenth century, bound together with a collection of scientific, poetic and theological diagrams. The texts were written by different scribes probably at separate times and places, but, apart from two texts at the...Corran, Emily
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Journal article
The Problem of Death: Dr Maurice Ernest and his Longevity Library
Maurice Ernest (ne Ernst, 1872-1955) was a notable student of human longevity. This article studies his life and his extensive library, which was donated to the National Central Library and is now in the British Library at Boston Spa.Evans, Lucy
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Journal article
Accounts of Debates in the House of Commons, March-April 1731, Supplementary to the Diary of the First Earl of Egmont
John Perceval (1685–1748), 1st Viscount Perceval and (from 1733) 1st Earl of Egmont, was an assiduous recorder of his own life and times. His diaries, published by the Historical Manuscripts Commission from manuscripts in the British Library, are the best source for parliamentary debates at Westminster in the 1730s. For...Hayton, D. W.
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Journal article
The Making of L'Abreujamen de las estorias (Egerton MS. 1500)
L’Abreujamen de las estorias (BL, Egerton MS. 1500) is an Occitan diagrammatic chronicle executed in Avignon in 1321-24. It is composed of synchronic tables, regnal lists and genealogical diagrams, and is illustrated with more than sixteen-hundred miniature busts. Written instructions, corrections, sketches and unfinished miniatures attest to different stages in...Botana, Federico
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Journal article
Destroyed, Damaged and Replaced: The Legacy of World War II Bomb Damage in the King's Library
In the early hours of 23 September 1940, an incendiary bomb fell on the East Wing of the British Museum, damaging an important part of the King's Library Gallery and destroying many of the books collected by King George III. A contemporary assessment estimated that 124 volumes (96 works) had...Edwards, Adrian S.
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Journal article
Additions to the Library of William Dowsing (1596-1668): A Reformation Tract Volume Reassembled
This article identifies several volumes from the library of the seventeenth-century puritan William Dowsing (1596-1668). Dowsing is primarily known for the campaign of iconoclasm which he conducted in East Anglia between late 1643 and 1644 and for the journal in which he kept a detailed record of these activities. This...Roberts, Dunstan
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Journal article
Paris National and International Exhibitions from 1798 to 1900: A Finding-List of British Library Holdings
The series of exhibitions which were held in Paris from the end of the eighteenth century and throughout the nineteenth gave rise to a rich collection of publications, often illustrated, ranging from maps and guide books to catalogues, official reports and volumes of reflections. This article gives a brief history...Daniels, Morna
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Journal article
A Place for Music: John Nash, Regent Street and the Philharmonic Society of London
The founding of the Philharmonic Society of London (from 1912 'Royal') has long been understood only in the simplest terms: in 1813 thirty musicians started a regular orchestral concert series to present the best classical works for select audiences. Two centuries later, a fresh look at circumstances and documents, some...Langley, Leanne