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Blog post
Karl Marx’s 200th birthday
This year sees the 200th birthday of political philosopher Karl Marx, who was born in the German town of Trier on 5 May 1818. In connection with the anniversary, the British Library opened a new display in its Treasures Gallery earlier this week. ‘Karl and Eleanor – Life in the...Siclovan, Diana
British Library, Germany, Eleanor Marx, Anglo-German, Germanic, history, printed books, exhibitions, British Museum, and Karl Marx
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Dataset
Digitised maps of the former British East Africa
This dataset comprises 581 images of maps of the former British East Africa created between 1890 and 1940 and a spreadsheet of related catalogue records. All Open Government Licence v1.0 (OGL). A user-friendly geographical search index of the maps is available on Google Maps. These JPEG files were converted from...Dykes, Nick
War Office Archive, documents, Intelligence, Uganda, East Africa, British East Africa, Maps, Military maps, and Kenya
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Book chapter
‘A trifling matter’? State branding on stone bottles, 1812-1834
Nineteenth-century stone bottles used for liquid blacking and alcohol are among the most frequently recovered nineteenth-century objects. Such items often display proprietary marks that provide tantalizing hints about the former owners or use of the bottle and have received considerable attention from collectors, archaeologists and curators. This chapter, based upon...Basford, Jennifer
stone bottle, statehood, Hungate, branding, archaeology, eighteenth century, nineteenth century, York, and Excise
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Book chapter
'Columen Vitae': pharmaceutical packaging, 1750-1850
Medical products, predominantly sold by newspaper and book printers, became the most heavily advertised branded good throughout the eighteenth century. Proprietary medicines were big business and so counterfeits were rife; protecting the brand was crucial. Proprietors aimed to convince consumers of the medicine’s authenticity, its reliability and, on occasion, its...Basford, Jennifer
promotional material, branding, material culture, proprietary medicines, and eighteenth century
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Journal article
Library catalogue records as a research resource : introducing 'A Big Data History of Music'
Librarians and archivists are increasingly collecting and working with large quantities of digital data. In science, business, and now the humanities, the production and analysis of vast amounts of data (so-called ‘big data research’) have become fundamental activities. This article introduces the project A Big Data History of Music, a...Tuppen, Sandra ; Rose, Stephen ; Drosopoulou, Loukia
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Journal article
Writing a Big Data history of music
This article introduces the project A Big Data History of Music, which set out to unlock the bibliographical data held by research libraries in order to create new research opportunities for musicologists. The project cleaned and enhanced aspects of the British Library catalogues of printed and manuscript music, which are...Rose, Stephen ; Tuppen, Sandra ; Drosopoulou, Loukia
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Journal article
Purcell in the 18th century: music for the 'Quality, Gentry, and others'
Henry Purcell was the only composer of his generation to be honoured with performances of his music at both the Academy of Ancient Music and Concerts of Ancient Music in the 18th century. Both organizations also programmed 18th-century music for The Tempest, believing it to be by Purcell. Excerpts from...Tuppen, Sandra
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Conference paper (published)
Prospects for a Big Data History of Music
This position paper sets out the possibility of a musicology based on the analysis of musical-bibliographical metadata as Big Data. It outlines the work underway, as part of the AHRC-funded project A Big Data History of Music, to align seven major datasets of musical-bibliographical metadata. After discussing some of the...Rose, Stephen ; Tuppen, Sandra
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Conference paper (published)
Latinised Arabic and connections to bilingual ability
As software support for non-Latin scripts is becoming more readily available, the continuing use of Latinised forms in online discourse highlights an interesting phenomenon. This paper focuses on Latinised Arabic (LA) as one manifestation of this trend. While there appears to be significant variation in the conventions used to Latinise...Aboelezz, Mariam
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Book chapter
A history of the Arabic language and the origin of non-dominant varieties of Arabic
To comprehend how Arabic became a pluricentric language, we need to navigate through its rich history. In this paper, I focus on three stages in the development of Arabic: Classical Arabic, Middle Arabic and Modern Arabic. I explain how the fate of Arabic was permanently sealed in the Classical period...Aboelezz, Mariam
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Conference paper (published)
Arabic dialect identification in the context of bivalency and code-switching
In this paper we use a novel approach towards Arabic dialect identification using language bivalency and written code-switching. Bivalency between languages or dialects is where a word or element is treated by language users as having a fundamentally similar semantic content in more than one language or dialect. Arabic dialect...El-Haj, Mahmoud ; Rayson, Paul ; Aboelezz, Mariam
Arabic, machine learning, dialects, language identification, NLP, and bivalency
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Conference paper (unpublished)
From standard to community resource: a view on ISNIs and ORG IDs
Over the last year, the International Standard Name Identifier board have been considering the ways in which ISNI as a system can improve to meet new challenges and become more open and transparent. One particular consideration has been to make ISNIs a better solution for organisation identifiers. The British Library...Reimer, Torsten ; Madden, Frances
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Book
The British Library Stefan Zweig Collection: Catalogue of the Literary and Historical Manuscripts
One of the most significant donations ever made to the British Library, the Stefan Zweig Collection comprises over two hundred remarkable items assembled by the Austrian writer Stefan Zweig (1881–1942) and his heirs. Richly varied in form and content, it offers deep insights into European culture and history over several...British Library
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Journal article
Relative values: the words about non-Western art
A survey of holdings of non-Western art in British, and some North American, art libraries has by and large confirmed that it is poorly represented, and that contemporary non-Western art is especially neglected. Libraries’ freedom to acquire material in this broad area may be restricted or defined by curricula, the...Coombes, Rebecca
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Book
Royal Children’s Books: the Queen Mary Collection
Catalogue to accompany the exhibition curated by Rebecca Coombes and John Meriton, 9th December 1997-1st March 1998 at the National Art Library, Victoria & Albert Museum.Coombes, Rebecca ; Meriton, John
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Journal article
'Making tradition': healing, history and ethnic identity among Otjiherero-speakers in Namibia, c. 1850–1950
For at least the last century and a half, Otjiherero-speakers in central Namibia have engaged in healing rituals played out around the Holy Fire and involving a resolution of tension through appeal to male patrilineal ancestors. These ceremonies are part of traditions that have increasingly come to define Herero ethnic...Wallace, Marion
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Interactive resource
Language, script and symbol in West Africa
West Africa is a place of great diversity – in language, in writing, in the hugely varied means of recording information and passing it on. Marion Wallace and Janet Topp Fargion (British Library) explore the region’s contribution to literacy, and the creativity with which West Africans communicate in word and...Wallace, Marion ; Topp Fargion, Janet
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Interactive resource
Crossings: African writers in the era of the transatlantic slave trade
Marion Wallace (British Library) introduces the leading writers of African heritage in 18th-century Britain, and explains how the pen became a weapon against both the slave trade and the system of enslavement itself.Wallace, Marion
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Blog post
Speaking out: political protest and print cultures in West Africa
West Africans made powerful use of writing and publishing to oppose colonialism and fight for independence. Since then, authors have not been reluctant to comment on the state of their nations and the world. Stephanie Newell (Yale University) and Marion Wallace (British Library) reflect on these developments.Newell, Stephanie ; Wallace, Marion
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Interactive resource
How word, symbol and song shaped history
Gus Casely-Hayford (SOAS and King’s College London), Janet Topp Fargion (British Library) and Marion Wallace (British Library) introduce the cultural dynamism and creativity of West Africa, and explain how word, symbol and song have shaped a thousand years of history.Casely-Hayford, Augustus ; Topp Fargion, Janet ; Wallace, Marion
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Book
A History of Namibia: From the Beginning to 1990
In 1990 Namibia gained its independence after a decades-long struggle against South African rule - and, before that, against German colonialism. This book, the first new scholarly general history of Namibia in two decades, provides a fresh synthesis of these events, and of the much longer pre-colonial period. A History...Wallace, Marion
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Book
African Studies in the Digital Age. DisConnects?
African Studies in the Digital Age. DisConnects? seeks to understand the complex changes brought about by the digital revolution. The editors, Terry Barringer and Marion Wallace, have brought together librarians, archivists, researchers and academics from three continents to analyse the creation and use of digital research resources and archives in...Barringer, Terry ; Wallace, Marion
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Journal article
Personal circuits: official tours and South Africa’s colony
This paper focuses on the visits of Sydney Buxton, Governor-General of South Africa, and his party to South West Africa (SWA, now Namibia) in 1915 and 1919. These, I argue, formed part of a broader economy of what might be called ‘personal circuits’ – journeys and visits by important personages...Wallace, Marion
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Book
West Africa: Word, Symbol, Song
This bold, challenging and celebratory new book accompanies a major exhibition at the British Library the first in the UK to explore in such detail the vibrant cultural history of this complex and compelling region. The authors explain how West Africans have profoundly shaped their own histories, focusing in particular...Casely-Hayford, Gus ; Topp Fargion, Janet ; Wallace, Marion
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Book chapter
Digital sources in Europe for African history
There are copious resources for the study of African history on the internet. They include manuscripts and documentary archives, maps, museum collections, newspapers, printed books, picture collections, and sound and moving images. The websites of European institutions provide a good proportion of this content, reflecting the long, entangled, and troubled... -
Book
Human Dignity: a way of living
Dignity is humanity’s most prized possession. We experience the loss of dignity as a terrible humiliation: when we lose our dignity we feel deprived of something without which life no longer seems worth living. But what exactly is this trait that we value so highly?In this important new book, distinguished...Bieri, Peter
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Research report
Information handling in collaborative research: an exploration of five case studies
Between October 2010 and June 2011, TNS-BMRB conducted a study on behalf of the Research Information Network (RIN) and the British Library (BL), exploring the challenges to information handling in collaborative research and providing recommendations for potential interventions to help to enhance effectiveness.Jordan, Elizabeth ; Hunter, Andrew ; Seale, Becky ; Thomas, Andrew ; Levitt, Ruth …
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Research report
Patterns of information use and exchange: case studies of researchers in the life sciences
Scientific advances, the availability of powerful new information and communications technologies, and new policies governing research funding have brought major changes for life science researchers. Together these developments have significantly altered both their needs and their practices in acquiring, generating and using information resources. In this context, our key aim...Research Information Network ; British Library ; Institute for the Study of Science, Technology and Innovation ; Digital Curation Centre
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Journal article
Reserve and physical imagery in the Tractarian poetry of Isaac Williams (1802-65)
This article reflects on the theological significance of Isaac Williams’s published poetry and its contribution to the Oxford, or Tractarian, Movement in the nineteenth century Church of England. For Williams, poetry was an important form of expression for him as it encouraged the use imagery drawn from the physical world...Boneham, John
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Book chapter
Isaac Williams and Welsh Tractarian theology
An important and often neglected aspect of Oxford Movement’s effect on the world beyond Oxford can be seen in the extent of its influence in Wales. Although historians have tended to dismiss the significance of Welsh Tractarianism, claiming that it was merely an English movement which had little effect on...Boneham, John
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Journal article
The Oxford Movement, marriage and domestic life: John Keble, Isaac Williams and Edward King
While a number of studies have highlighted the theological and social importance of the household in nineteenth-century Protestant Britain, the significance of domestic life for the leaders of the Oxford, or Tractarian, Movement remains almost completely unexplored. This essay will argue that the high view of celibacy held by many...Boneham, John
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Book chapter
Tractarian theology in verse and sermon
This chapter explores the role of poetry and sermons in propagating Tractarian theological ideas. The use of these two distinct genres was closely connected to the principle of reserve, a theory of knowledge holding that religious truth ought to be conveyed in accordance with the recipient’s ability to receive it....Boneham, John
biblical commentaries, sermons, Tracts for the Times, reserve, poetry, and preaching
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Journal article
Breathing life into digital collections at the British Library
How are research libraries preparing to meet the needs of 21st century researchers? For the past decade, the British Library’s Digital Scholarship team has worked to ensure that the Library’s collections, systems, policies and processes meet the emerging needs of anyone who wants to conduct innovative research with the Library’s...Ridge, Mia
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Book chapter
The contributions of family and local historians to British history online
Community history projects across Britain have collected and created images, indexes and transcriptions of historical documents ranging from newspaper articles and photographs, to wills and biographical records. Based on analysis of community- and institutionally-led participatory history sites, and interviews with family and local historians, this chapter discusses common models for...Ridge, Mia
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Journal article
Open Access and the Library
Libraries are places of learning and knowledge creation. While this mission has been the same for centuries, the way it is delivered is constantly evolving. Over the last two decades, digital technology—and the changes that came with it—have accelerated this transformation to a point where evolution starts to become a...Oberländer, Anja ; Reimer, Torsten
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Journal article
Flexibility and egalitarianism: musical insights from hunter-gatherers
Among egalitarian hunter-gatherer groups across the African continent, musical practices and egalitarianism are argued to be constitutive of one another. Southeast Asian hunter-gatherers also practice egalitarianism, however, their musical practices represent a seeming anomaly alongside those of African hunter-gatherer groups. Discussion of ‘hunter-gatherer musics’ that includes Southeast Asian perspectives has...Rudge, Alice
egalitarianism, polyphony, aesthetics, hunter-gatherer, diversity, and flexibility
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Journal article
J. G. Ballard’s ‘Crash! A Science Theatre Presentation for the ICA’: The context of a lost document recovered
In the spring of 1968, J. G. Ballard drafted an eight-page outline for a multi-media 'science theatre presentation' called 'Crash!' It was to be performed at the Institute of Contemporary Arts (ICA). Although the event was teasingly promoted in a full-page feature in the Sunday Mirror newspaper ('A Star Role...Beckett, Chris
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Learning object
Early Shakespeare sources: a guide for academic researchers. Part 1: manuscript and early print sources for Shakespeare's works
Adrian S Edwards surveys the 16th- and 17th-century sources for Shakespeare’s works – the few surviving pages of Shakespearean manuscript, the quarto editions of his plays and poems, and the large folio editions of his collected works – and gives an overview of the British Library’s holdings.Edwards, Adrian S.
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Learning object
Early Shakespeare sources: a guide for academic researchers. Part 2: the British Library's early Shakespeare collections
Adrian S Edwards outlines the history of collecting early Shakespeare editions, and examines in detail the collections of David Garrick, George III, Thomas Grenville and James Orchard Halliwell-Phillipps, which make up three-quarters of the British Library’s early Shakespeare holdings.Edwards, Adrian S.
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Learning object
Topography and the historic shelving schemes at the British Library
Throughout the last 400 years librarians and curators have taken different approaches to classify topographical collections. Adrian Edwards, Head of Printed Heritage Collections at the British Library, explores the historic shelving schemes and traces the development of their organisation.Edwards, Adrian S.
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Book chapter
Gaywaves: transcending boundaries - the rise and demise of Britain's first gay radio program
At the beginning of 1982, an array of conflicting forces was working to shape the landscape of Europe’s metropolitan radio services, and to alternatively control, commodify or liberate its gay communities.1 This paper examines the drivers, which inspired Gaywaves, a nascent weekly gay community radio program broadcasting to an inner...Wilson, Paul ; Linfoot, Matthew
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Conference paper (published)
Sustainability assessments at the British Library: Formats, frameworks and findings
File format assessments have been the subject of much debate in and outside of the preservation community in the past decade. Recognizing the unique structural, operational, and collecting context of the British Library, the Library’s digital preservation team recently initiated new format assessment work to deliver recommendations on which file...Pennock, Maureen ; Wheatley, Paul ; May, Peter
file formats, British Library, assessments, transparency, sustainability, and preservation master
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Conference paper (published)
Identifying digital preservation requirements: Digital Preservation Strategy and collection profiling at the British Library
The British Library is increasingly a digital library. Over past decades, it has built up significant collections of digital content covering a very wide range of content types. In addition to the increasing amounts of digital content acquired by purchase or donation, the Library and its partners have also invested...Day, Michael ; McDonald, Ann ; Kimura, Akiko ; Pennock, Maureen
preservation planning, institutional contexts of preservation, collection content profiling, and digital preservation
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Conference paper (unpublished)
Supporting practical preservation work and making it sustainable with SPRUCE
Wheatley, Paul ; Pennock, Maureen
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Research report
Technology report: Web-archiving
Web archiving technology enables the capture, preservation and reproduction of valuable content from the live web in an archival setting, so that it can be independently managed and preserved for future generations. This report introduces and discusses the key issues faced by organizations engaged in web archiving initiatives, whether they...Pennock, Maureen
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Journal article
Supporting institutional digital preservation & asset management: a summary of the Jisc DPAM programme synthesis
This article summarises the results of a recently published synthesis study on the Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC)-funded Digital Preservation & Asset Management (DPAM) programme. The DPAM programme ran from 2004 until 2006 and aimed to establish a basis for the development of institutional strategies and policies for long-term preservation...Pennock, Maureen
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Journal article
Data without meaning: Establishing the significant properties of digital research
It is well recognised that the period of time in which digital research may remain accessible is likely to be short in comparison to the period in which it will continue to hold intellectual value. Although many digital preservation strategies are effective for simple resources, it is not always possible...Knight, Gareth ; Pennock, Maureen
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Editorial
Editorial
The digital revolution brought about marked changes in the way that libraries and archives achieve their mandates. Particularly at a national level, technology has changed working practices within memory organisations to deliver efficiencies in processing content and increasing access. Technology has changed the very way we manage and provide access...Pennock, Maureen ; Coufal, Libor
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Journal article
DCC Workshop Report: E-mail Curation: Practical Approaches for Long-term Preservation and Access, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, April 24 - 25, 2006
A report on the Digital Curation Centre workshop held in Newcastle-upon-Tyne in April 2006 to explore practical approaches for managing, preserving and re-using e-mail records.Pennock, Maureen
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Conference paper (published)
Co-operation for digital preservation and curation: Collaboration for collection development in institutional repository network
The digital preservation problem is a series of interrelated technical and organizational challenges that can only be met co-operatively by the many different stakeholders that are involved. The rise of the institutional repository paradigm backs this up with its focus on co-operation within national or subject-based networks and the wider...Day, Michael ; Pennock, Maureen ; Allinson, Julie
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Conference paper (published)
Implementing Digital Preservation Strategy: Developing content collection profiles at the British Library
The British Library is increasingly a digital library. Through both digitization and acquisition, it has built up significant collections of digital content covering a very wide range of content types. Most recently, the extension of legal deposit provisions to non-print works in 2013 has meant that it - working in...Day, Michael ; McDonald, Ann ; Pennock, Maureen ; Kimura, Akiko
content management, digital libraries, content collection profiles, Internet, and digital preservation
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Poster (unpublished)
Managing an ISO 16363 self-assessment: a how-to guide
Audit and certification standards help demonstrate whether a repository is trustworthy. Their guidelines provide a framework with which to assess the on-going viability of a digital repository as well as the surrounding resources and infrastructurePennock, Maureen ; Smith, Caylin
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Conference paper (published)
The Flashback Project: Rescuing disk-based content from the 1980s to the present day
This paper introduces the British Library's Flashback project, a proof-of-concept that explored the practical challenges of preserving digital content stored on physical media (magnetic and optical disks) using a sample of content from hybrid collection items dating from between 1980 and 2010. It describes some of the activities undertaken by...Pennock, Maureen ; May, Peter ; Day, Michael ; Davies, Kevin ; Whibley, Simon …
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Conference paper (published)
Archiving web site resources: a records management view
In this paper, we propose the use of records management principles to identify and manage Web site resources with enduring value as records. Current Web archiving activities, collaborative or organisational, whilst extremely valuable in their own right, often do not and cannot incorporate requirements for proper records management. Material collected...Pennock, Maureen ; Kelly, Brian
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Journal article
The preservation of disk-based content at the British Library: Lessons from the Flashback Project
This article introduces the British Library’s Flashback project, which is exploring the practical challenges of preserving digital content currently stored on physical media (magnetic and optical disks). It reports on a Flashback proof of concept that conducted experiments on a sample of content from hybrid collection items dating from between... -
Poster (published)
Scaled and automated preservation planning for highly diverse digital collections: the Integrated Preservation Suite
This poster describes the Integrated Preservation Suite (IPS) project. IPS is a British Library initiative to develop and populate an infrastructure capable of supporting preservation planning of highly diverse digital collections at scale. IPS comprises: A Representation Information Registry with information about formats and wider technical environments relevant to the...Pennock, Maureen ; May, Peter
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Conference paper (published)
Adventures with ePub3: when rendering goes wrong
The role of standards in digital preservation is widely acknowledged. The current version of the ePub standard, used for publishing and disseminating eBooks, is ePub3, specifically 3.1 (January 2017). A marked difference from ePub2 is support for fixed layout files and, whilst several different ePub readers are available, not all...Pennock, Maureen ; Day, Michael
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Conference paper (published)
Preservation planning for emerging formats at the British Library
The British Library and the other UK Legal Deposit Libraries have been collecting various forms of born-digital digital publications since 2013 as part of what is known as Non-Print Legal Deposit (NPLD). In 2017, the UK Legal Deposit Libraries established an Emerging Formats project to look at selected types of...Day, Michael ; Pennock, Maureen ; Smith, Caylin ; Jenkins, Jeremy ; Cooke, Ian
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Book chapter
Thomas Grenville (1755-1846) and his books
Taylor, Barry
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