Emerging Formats
Emerging Formats
Emerging Formats
Emerging Formats started as a project in 2017, when the British Library, together with the other five UK Legal Deposit Libraries, began investigating the rise of new complex digital publications that could pose new challenges for libraries and other cultural institutions in terms of collection and preservation. These 'emerging formats' are born-digital publications with no print counterpart, often consisting of multiple media types, with strong hardware and software dependencies and thus at high risk of obsolescence. The collection has grown through the years to include examples of eBook mobile apps, web-based interactive narratives and the various contextual information and documentation that surrounds these publications. In 2023, the Digital Storytelling exhibition opened at the British Library to showcase and celebrate many of the emerging formats publications collected by the Library.
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Item type:Research report, Archiving Interactive Narrative: UK Tools Usage (1.1)(2020)Clark, LyndaThis study aimed to gain a preliminary overview of the Interactive Fiction works being created in the UK and the tools being used by UK-based creators. It was limited to items which would be encompassed by the Legal Deposit Framework and those which were online only and could therefore be captured using existing Web Archiving tools. (For more on capturing these works, see the Report Archiving Interactive Narrative: Technical Report). For items excluded by these parameters, see Section 1.4. The study examined 294 works by 114 creators and is not intended to be an exhaustive or complete list (even where multiple works are listed for one creator, these are almost always a selection from that creator’s complete works). Instead, the aim was to represent as many different styles, genres and creators as possible.1 2 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Research report, Quality Assurance in the New Media Writing Prize Collection(2021)Pyke, TeganThe UK Web Archive is an online repository for UK based websites. Managed by the six UK Legal Deposit Libraries—the British Library, the National Library of Scotland, the National Library of Wales, the Bodleian Libraries at Oxford University, Cambridge University Libraries, and the Trinity College, Dublin—the UK Web Archive's chief aim is to collect all UK websites on a yearly basis for preservation purposes. Alongside this, the archive also features curated collections on specific events, subjects, and interest areas, often created by experts within the field. Following the creation of the 'E-Publishing Trends/Emerging Formats' collection, two further sub-collections have been added. The first, 'Interactive Narratives', was collated and reviewed across 2018 and 2019. The second, the 'New Media Writing Prize Collection'—comprised of shortlisted and winning entries to the New Media Writing Prize as well as contextual sites—was proposed and instigated in 2020. This report will outline the contents of the collection and difficulties faced in the preservation of complex digital objects, as well as detail the quality assurance process undertaken in 2021.3 11 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Research report, Bunnyfoot British Library Emerging Formats Report(2019-03-01) ;Tope, AndrewKayukala, MilaBunnyfoot undertook an exploratory study for the British Library to investigate users’ perspectives on the preservation and use of Emerging Formats in the Library context. These findings are intended to help inform requirements for the collection, preservation, discovery and use of these materials at legal deposit libraries.2 1 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Blog post, Digital Literature and Emerging Media: 10 Years of the New Media Writing Prize(2019-11-08)Rossi, Giulia CarlaOn 18 July, The British Library hosted a Digital Conversations event to celebrate the tenth anniversary of the New Media Writing Prize. Digital Conversations is a series of events that explores the way in which technology is changing how we experience our life and how we communicate. New media writing perfectly fits within this theme as an example of the impact innovative technologies have on how we tell stories and express ourselves. Now in its 10th year, the if:book UK New Media Writing Prize (NMWP) started as a one-off event in a literary festival in Poole. After realising its great potential, the event was moved to Bournemouth University (where it’s based today), with the help of co-founder and organiser Jim Pope. The 2019 prize is now comprised of five strands: the if:book award is the main award and the Dot Prize is an award for project proposals connecting literature with the digital; both are sponsored by if:book founder Chris Meade. The Unicorn Training Student Award, the Journalism Award and the Skylab innovation award round out the compliment, making 2019 the first year where these groups and mediums will be explicitly and separately recognised. In ten years of the prize, words have always been at the centre of these works, combined with all sorts of new media, in constantly changing and innovative ways. New media writing is not identifiable with a single practice: it’s a whole range of forms that happens across disciplines and cultures. Genres have also been extremely varied since the beginning of the award: journalism, poetry, games, fiction, non-fiction, digital connected to non-digital. The constant element throughout the years has been the different way of writing (and reading) which this combination of digital and literature creates, giving the reader new agency and allowing for things that cannot happen in print.1 3 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Research report, Collecting complex digital publications: testing an enhanced curation method(2023)Smith Nicholls, Florence10 24 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Research report, Archiving Interactive Narrative: Technical Report (1.3)(2020)Clark, LyndaTools used were W3ACT and Webrecorder. W3ACT, or ACT, the Annotation Curation Tool is Open Source software designed by The British Library to help librarians, curators and subject specialists curate specific parts of the Web. It interfaces with the Heritrix crawl engine built by the Internet Archive. Both ACT and the Heritrix crawl engine are state of the art web archiving tools, however they are more geared towards crawling the web at scale rather than in high fidelity. Rhizome’s Webrecorder instead focusses on dynamic content, such as “embedded video and complex javascript”. Webrecorder’s capturing tool hosts collections of works online which can also be downloaded as what Webrecorder describes as WARC files, although it should be noted that they are actually WARC.GZ. Webrecorder is also able to emulate older browsers, allowing capture of works which use older versions of javascript and flash. In order to get the best captures from Webrecorder, pre-planning is necessary, with an initial exploration of the work to determine how much needs to be captured, and to determine the best route to take through the work in the event that capturing in its entirety would prove too time-consuming.2 14 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Conference paper (published), Preservation planning for emerging formats at the British Library(2018) ;Day, Michael ;Pennock, Maureen ;Smith, Caylin ;Jenkins, JeremyCooke, IanThe British Library and the other UK Legal Deposit Libraries have been collecting various forms of born-digital digital publications since 2013 as part of what is known as Non-Print Legal Deposit (NPLD). In 2017, the UK Legal Deposit Libraries established an Emerging Formats project to look at selected types of content that were potentially in scope for NPLD. At the beginning of 2018, the British Library’s digital preservation team commenced research, as part of the project, into the preservation implications of some of these new forms of publication. Over the course of three months, the project analysed a small sample of interactive narrative works and mobile eBook apps from the Apple store. The evaluation revealed specific characteristics including: the automated personalization of narrative content; the integration of images taken by device cameras; movement-driven behavioural changes to item displays; the use of third party content to drive narratives forward; and, game-like features with a high dependency on visual, illustrated displays. Engagement with content experts underlined the significance of the interactive elements, suggesting that any subsequent preservation plans need to take this into account. Accompanying technical analysis using the Library’s format sustainability assessment framework identified issues around DRM (digital rights management), proprietary environments, and the use of third-party content. Whilst further research is clearly needed to validate the findings beyond the initial sample size and to resolve the technical challenges identified, other more conceptual questions remain about such matters as ownership, authority, provenance, versioning, and personalization. Engagement with content providers will be key to resolving all of these in a satisfactory manner.10 10 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Journal article, “Moving with the story”: the haptics of reader experience and response to digital comics(2024-07-22) ;Berube, Linda ;Priego, Ernesto ;Wisdom, Stella ;Cooke, IanMakri, StephannThe experience of reading digital comics differs from that of other reading in that it involves the interplay between text and art, both “on the page”, for example, as with the traditional comic book format, or “off the page” in interaction with devices, apps and “extras” the Alt Text in the webcomic, xkcd. This interplay and placement can communicate movement, stillness, suspense, bringing the reader along not only through content or story arc but also through the material affordances, the physical reality of the comic in combination with the technology. The findings of this exploratory study reveal both the varied reading experiences of digital comics as well as the shared experiences of haptic interactions and emotional perception and reaction through the use of devices, comics platforms and apps, and social media. Although webcomics, one type of digital comics, have long been a part of the evolution of hypertext, their place has not always been acknowledged in the scholarship. This research not only contributes towards an empirical, qualitative understanding of reader response to and experience of a range of digital comics including webcomics, but also addresses their role as an example of the haptics of hypertext fiction.2 5 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Conference paper (unpublished), Open online tools for creating interactive narratives(2023-10) ;Rossi, Giulia CarlaWisdom, StellaWith the increased availability of new tools, platforms, technologies and formats to create and distribute digital publications, the British Library has been researching and collecting examples of digital storytelling as part of its Emerging Formats work. This presentation will introduce some of the freely available and open-source online interactive writing tools, which have been used by creatives whose works have been showcased in the Library’s recent Digital Storytelling exhibition, and added to the Interactive Narratives collection in the UK Web Archive. It will also provide a brief overview of collecting activity for interactive digital publications by UK Legal Deposit Libraries and the Library’s engagement activities with experimental digital writers.1 19 - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Blog post, The Botish Library: developing a poetry printing machine with Python(2020-10-20)Rossi, Giulia CarlaIn June 2020 the Office for Students announced a campaign to fill 2,500 new places on artificial intelligence and data science conversion courses in universities across the UK. While I’m not planning to retrain in cyber, I was lucky enough to be in the cohort for the trial run of one of these courses: Birkbeck’s Postgraduate Certificate in Applied Data Science. The course started as a collaborative project between The British Library, The National Archives and Birkbeck University to develop a computing course aimed at professionals working in the cultural heritage sector. The trial run has now ended and the course is set to start in full from January 2021. The course is designed for graduates who are new to computer science – which was perfect for me, as I had no previous coding knowledge besides some very basic HTML and CSS. It was a very steep learning curve, starting from scratch and ending with developing my own piece of software, but it was great to see how code could be applied to everyday issues to facilitate and automate parts of our workload. The fact that it was targeted at information professionals and that we could use existing datasets to learn from real life examples made it easier to integrate study with work. After a while, I started to look at the everyday tasks in my to-do list and wonder “Can this be solved with Python?” After a taught module (Demystifying Computing with Python), students had to work on an individual project module and develop a software based on their work (to solve an issue, facilitate a task, re-use and analyse existing resources). I had an idea of the themes I wanted to explore – as Curator of Digital Publications, I’m interested in new media and platforms used to deliver content, and how text and stories are shaped by these tools. When I read about French company Short à‰dition and the short story vending machine in Canary Wharf I knew I had found my project. My project is to build a stand-alone printer that prints random poems from a dataset of out-of-copyright texts. A little portable Bot-ish (sic!) Library to showcase the British Library collections and fill the world with more poetry.
